The Justice Panel

A masterpiece rich in symbolism about justice and power in Maastricht

In the late Middle Ages, courtrooms were often decorated with paintings that reminded judges of their duty: dispense justice honestly. The impressive Justice Panel (c. 1475–1477), created by Jan van Brussel, once hung in the council chamber of Maastricht. At the top you see the Last Judgement: Christ as judge on a golden rainbow, surrounded by angels awakening the dead. Below, a court hearing unfolds: a rich man and a poor man face each other, while a devil attempts to bribe the judges. The Archangel Michael points sternly towards hell—a clear warning to those who give in to temptation.

This panel is exceptional: it is one of the oldest known depictions of a court hearing in Western Europe. It likely first hung in the Dinghuis, Maastricht’s medieval courthouse, and later in the Town Hall. Its message is timeless: those who administer justice bear a heavy responsibility.

Did you know?

• Original colours: The golden rainbow behind Christ was once brilliantly gilded, with vivid colours ranging from red to green, and a bright blue sky.
• Hidden details: During restoration, monsters with sharp claws and scales were revealed in hell beneath later overpainting.
• Cityscape: Behind the courtroom you can see one of the oldest city views of Maastricht, probably added later, in 1599.
• Symbolism: Angels carry a lily branch (mercy) and a sword (justice). Their garments were originally deep purple to black.
• Technique: The panel consists of seven oak planks, joined with wooden dowels. The frame is original, but the date 1599 was added later.

Come and see it for yourself!
Would you like to experience this striking view of justice and faith up close? Visit the Justice Panel at the Maastricht Museum and discover the hidden details, the rich colours and the story behind this unique masterpiece. An artwork that has carried a message for over 500 years that remains relevant today.